I think this is a problem with our strategy for creating a Racket distribution that runs on a wide range of Linux versions. Part of that involves statically linking to libtermcap, but old versions of libtermcap are not really compatible with newer versions of Linux. Specifically, it looks like the statically linked libtermcap interferes with initialization in libedit or libreadline, while Racket's default expeditor manages to side-step incompatibility in its initialization.
I'm not sure at what point our distibrutions should require newer version of Linux. Meanwhile, the only solution I can offer is to build from source or use a snapshot that's built on a Ubuntu 20 or 22.04 as available via https://snapshot.racket-lang.org/.