Running racket/gui at 60fps

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I don't think, you'll see much higher fps without doing less work in on-paint.

This might give you a small gain though:

   (define black-pen   (new pen%   [color "black"] [width 1] [style 'solid]))
    (define white-pen   (new pen%   [color "white"] [width 1] [style 'solid]))
    (define black-brush (new brush% [color "black"]           [style 'solid]))
    (define white-brush (new brush% [color "white"]           [style 'solid]))
    (define dc (get-dc))
    (define/override (on-paint)
      (set! *counted-frames* (+ 1 *counted-frames*))
      (for* ([x (in-range *width*)] [y (in-range *height*)])
        (if (get-element x y)
            (begin
              (send dc set-pen   black-pen)
              (send dc set-brush black-brush))
            (begin
              (send dc set-pen   white-pen)
              (send dc set-brush white-brush)))
        (send dc draw-rectangle (* x 10) (* y 10) 10 10)))

If your game is a retro game with 10x10 "pixels", then you can get a speedup
by having a bitmap with a low resolution, say, 100x80 and then
in on-paint finish by drawing a scaled copy to the bitmap to the screen.

This technique is used in here:

https://github.com/soegaard/sketching/blob/main/sketching-examples/examples/pacman/maze-game.rkt

[It's not 60 fps though.]

If that's not fast enough, you'll need to look at how to use the GPU - either
directly or using one of the available libraries.

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